The widespread ethernet networks cannot provide any firm guarantees on this access delay (and hence the overall QoS) due to the indeterminism of the carrier sense multiple access/collision detection (CSMA/CD) approach toward sharing of network capacity (Wolf et al., 1997).
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However, if the MAC protocol uses time division multiple access (TDMA) with m slots, this delay becomes mL/C, which is m times larger than the earlier case. For example, if the transmission capacity is C bps, and the packet length is L bits, time taken to transmit is L/C, assuming a dedicated link. The choice of MAC protocol largely influences this delay. Medium access control (MAC) access delay: If the transmission link is shared, a suitable MAC protocol must be used for accessing the link ( Yu and Khanvilkar, 2002). For example, upgrading from the 10 Mbps ethernet to 100 Mbps fast ethernet will ideally reduce the transmission delay by a factor of 10. Transmission capacity of the link: Increasing the transmission capacity reduces the transmission delay. Hence, if there are multiple active sessions, this delay becomes quite significant, especially if the OS does not support real-time scheduling algorithms to support multimedia traffic. Number of active sessions: The physical layer processes the packets in the FIFO order. This delay depends on multiple factors, including the following: Packet transmission delay is the time taken by the physical layer at the source to transmit the packets over the link.